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Hellbender essays

Hellbender essays (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis is the largest North American salamander, ranging in length from 30.5 to 74 cm (Niering 1985). Eastern Hellbenders are members of the order of tailed amphibians, Caudata and the family, Cryptobranchidae. Along with C. a. bishopi, the Ozark Hellbender, it is one of the two subspecies of hellbenders, also known as the Allegheny C. a. alleganiensis is perennially aquatic, preferring clear fast-moving rivers or large streams with rocky bottoms. Most are found in water 12 to 46 cm deep and tend to avoid areas with thick layers of silt (Hillis and Bellis 1971). It ranges from the Susquehanna River and its tributaries in New York and Pennsylvania to the Ohio River and its tributaries including the Allegheny, which gives it its species name, westward to the Mississippi River and southward to Missouri, Arkansas, and Georgia. It has also been recorded in Iowa (Bishop 1943). C. a. alleganiensis has a dorsoventrally flattened body and a laterally flattened tail. The tail is the main means of locomotion, but the hellbender can also crawl when seeking refuge (Hillis and Bellis 1971). C. a. alleganiensis is dark gray or olive-brown with a mottled or spotted pattern on its dorsal surface. The ventral surface is a lighter shade with few markings (Niering 1985). The male and female are similar in appearance, but the male is broader and heavier than a female of the same length. Eyelids are absent. It has five toes on its hind feet and four on the fore feet, most of which develop during C. a. alleganiensis is nocturnal, spending its days hiding under rocks with only the tip of its broad head exposed. It exhibits diurnal behavior only during its mating season which occurs in late summer or early fall depending on geographic ...

Psychological pressure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychological pressure - Essay Example In case the pressure has grown or has an everlasting effect, it may cause psychological illness or long term chronic diseases. Pressure can be as a result of both daily responsibilities and routine events, or it can as well be caused by unusual events such as illness or trauma of oneself or family member. Human body highly respond to psychological pressure by releasing stress hormones (such as epinephrine) which in turn increases blood pressure, increases speed heart rate, and raises blood sugar level (Dambacher and HÃ ¼bner, 13). In order to perceive threats a person acts on the changes with greater strength and speed. It is therefore essential to learn how to deal and handle those pressures. However, a person has to clearly understand the causes of psychological pressure. This is to aid reduce the negative impact of pressure in people’s lives enabling them to live a more healthy lives. By meeting live threatening events, people have the kind of oppressive feeling of psychological pressure which at times is represented by cognitive, emotion and behavioral responses. Psychological pressure has shown can cause stress and research has indicated that people who have suffered long term effect of stress can develop digestive problems, fertility problems, urinary complications, and a low immune system. The impact is large such that they are also more prone to viral infections such has flu or common cold and headaches, sleep disorders, depression and also anxiety. Psychological pressure can be caused by social or cultural factors and shifts; it can as well be as a result of psychological changes or physiological shifts, including required socialization changes. It can be as a result of traumatic experience that happened suddenly or some chronic tension. Situations such as unfavorable working conditions, financial breakdowns, death of family members or a friend, divorce or separation of spouse, are always greater contribution of psychological